DEBERE ET ALIA

A quick reference for debere and similar words/expressions.

• necesse esse → absolute necessity
• debere → moral (or financial?) necessity
• oportet → it’s rational to do so, you can not think different
• opus est → It is useful/beneficial.
• decet → it is seemly (a matter of decency)
• iuberi/cogi → To be ordered/commanded/decreed/appointed.

Also, the gerundive may be used:

The Gerundive [...] is always passive, denoting necessity, obligation, or propriety

Also, the gen. + est:

• meum est → I have to do, its my duty
• tuum est → You have to do, its your duty
• gen. + est → someone has to do, its someones duty

the alt.language.latin thread